in this study a pseudo comprehensive carbon footprint model for fossil fuel power plants is presented. parameters which their effects are considered in this study include: plant type, fuel type, fuel transmission type, internal consumption of the plant, degradation, site ambient condition, transmission and distribution losses. investigating internal consumption, degradation and site ambient con...

introduction nowadays, due to higher environmental pollution and decreasing fossil fuels many countries make decisions to use renewable fuels and restrict using of fossil fuels. renewable fuels generally produce from biological sources. biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel derived from the transesterification of vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste frying oils. considering the differences be...

An approach to deal with the phenomenon of maritime fuel smuggling is to control the quantity of fuel that is supplied to vessels. For the same reason, fuel is delivered to marine vessels in Iran in accordance with the ration defined by the National Iranian Oil Products Distribution Company (NIOPDC). The ration is determined by a fuel consumption formula defined by the Food and Agriculture Orga...

the energy efficiency, greenhouse gas (ghg) emissions, and carbon efficiency of paddy rice production were analysed in sari in the mazandaran province of iran during 2011–2012. data was collected through questionnaires and interviews with paddy producers. the results showed that the net energy gain was 27,932 mj ha-1 and energy efficiency was 1.83 during production. the results of the cobb-doug...

the dual fuel engines at part loads inevitably suffer from lower thermal efficiency and higher carbon monoxide and unburned fuel emission. this work is carried out to investigate combustion characteristics of a dual fuel (dieselgas) engine at part loads, using a single zone combustion model with detailed chemical kinetics for combustion of natural gas fuel. the authors developed software in whi...

This paper describes a recently introduced vector-valued representation of fundamental frequency variation – the FFV spectrum – which has a number of desirable properties. In particular, it is instantaneous, continuous, distributed, and well-suited to application of standard acoustic modeling techniques. We show what the representation looks like, and how it can be used to model prosodic sequen...

The proton exchange membrane (PEMFC) fuel cell represents the energy of the future, in parallel with hydrogen. However, this technology must meet many technical challenges related to performance and durability before being sold on a large scale. It is well known that these challenges are closely linked to water management. This paper develops and implements a model of PEM fuel for simulation to...